Gender Inequality Essay - 1153 Words

Through the media and the work of researchers, we get to know more and more on the issue of gender inequality in different areas of our society. However, although significant progress has been made during the twentieth century, in an attempt to equalize the rights of women and men, they still do not seem to be met daily. Having a job is considered important for men and women, although the centrality of work is organized completely differently by gender. This form of inequality persists in all areas such as: participation in decision making and the exercise of power, in private and social life, in promotion and in professional careers. My study would be carried on how these disadvantages faced by girls and women are a major source of†¦show more content†¦This is further explained by Nicole Mosconi in her book â€Å"Women and Knowledge† the society, the school and the sexual division of knowledge. These elements of analysis of inequalities between girls and boys at scho ol could help understand that, stereotypes are still present in our society which leads to discrimination against women at the professional level. From the labor market view, Julie Lowell in a document titled â€Å"Women face discrimination in the workplace† supports the evidence that despite the greater academic success of girls; they are under-represented by receiving less pay compare to men. And the term â€Å"glass ceiling, which appeared in 1986 in the Wall Street Journal, describes this pay discrepancy and the inability of women to achieve full economic and professional equality with men. Glass ceiling refers to the various obstacles faced by women in gaining access to higher positions in the professional hierarchy, it expresses the discriminatory aspect of the employment of women.Show MoreRelatedEssay On Gender Inequality1127 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"superior† race/gender of a white male were typically treated as if they were less. Women and African-Americans aren’t being treated as bad today, but they’re still being treated worse than the white males of society. Even today, when white m ales are typically the leaders of society, it’s not always race and gender that creates inequality; sometimes it’s money that creates the issue. Not just from past evidence, but from present evidence as well, America shows signs of inequality by the way peopleRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2163 Words   |  9 Pagesn AmericaSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics believe that racialRead MoreSocial Inequality And Gender Inequality Essay2091 Words   |  9 PagesSocial inequality is defined as the set of unequal opportunities for different social classes or statuses for various individuals within a group or society. It usually refers to people of distinct genders, ages, and ethnicities. Many American’s have experienced some type of social inequality throughout their lifetime. America’s gaping inequality is seen everywhere from education to the workforce. Society tends to oversee inequality based on race, gender, and other social characteristics . AmericansRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality922 Words   |  4 PagesGender Inequalities in Education Judge Sonia Sotomayor states, â€Å"Until we get equality in education, we won t have an equal society. That quote resonates throughout the world because of gender inequality in education. Researchers believe gender inequality still exists in the 21st century. Through research, controversial opinions exist about inequality in schools and what has been done to address this situation. What is gender equality? Gender inequality refers to disproportionate dealing or assessmentsRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender Inequalities825 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Ursini Mrs. Karen Cardenas English 4 Sec 03 Sum 17 07 July 2017 Gender Inequalities Thesis: While this could be the best thing the world could accomplish if something changes, Women and men should not be segregated into their own category. Because both genders should have equal rights when it comes to working, money, households, relationships and other categories. This problem has been around for a long time but never been brought to a lot of people s attention, because of this nobody talksRead MoreGender Inequalities And Gender Inequality1791 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequalities have been around since the beginning of time, and it has been a long and bumpy road to achieve the amount of equality that we have today. Still everyday women have the risk of being discriminated against for simply being women. Depending on where these women live, what the predominate culture in the area is, and the amount of education that is allowed affects their risk of being discriminated against and the severity of the act itself. Discrimination can be displayed in formsRead MoreG ender Inequality And Gender Equality1667 Words   |  7 PagesGender inequality is the state in which access to rights or opportunities is affected by gender. Gender inequality is an issue not just nationally but globally. This issue is portrayed by the mistreating of individuals, mainly women, and not valuing everyone as one. This presentation will illustrate the exploration of gender equality, propose a solution and why that solution will produce a better future for a better world. Gender inequality is a very important issue common in our world today thatRead MoreGender Equality And Gender Inequality979 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout the past few decades, the gender inequality discourse have became a dominant feature of international, national and local policy debate on the subject of economic development. This policy concern has emerged as an area of scholarly research which seeks to show that improving gender equity leads to economic growth. Gender Inequality in Australia: According to the data published by Australian Bureau of Statistics in May 2015, the full time average earnings of women is $284.20 or 17.9%Read MoreGender Inequality And Gender Inequalities1787 Words   |  8 PagesGender inequality plays a critical role when it comes to social progress. As a woman, I have seen the struggles for equality to men in many aspects. Regardless of the great strides that women have achieved today, it is still hard to find equal opportunity and to be fairly recognized. Some of the areas where gender inequality is very prevalent are in areas such as, equal pay in the workplace, professional education careers, household work, sexism and discrimination just to name a few. GenderRead MoreGender Inequalities Of Sports And Gender Inequality1468 Words   |  6 PagesGender Inequalities in Sport Men throughout history have been the dominant gender, from the times of hunting with stone weapons to the modern day metal and automated machines. Many negative connotations are thought of when comparing women to men like strength, but less so when comparing men to women. Is it the society’s view that women are weaker than men or is it a natural fact brought to light? In sports women experience many prejudices, but even so some sports are equal or even female dominant

Not Only Is It Detrimental To The Social Development Of

Not only is it detrimental to the social development of geriatric individuals when we are not educated about typical and nontypical aging, but it is also detrimental to the overall physical and cognitive health due to the fact that we lose valuable opportunities at early intervention. All three of the most commonly diagnosed degenerative conditions within the geriatric population can have improved prognosis with early intervention. The earlier that these conditions can be identified and diagnosed, the more successful that these individuals will be overall when it comes to their prognosis. For the case of those suffering with cognitive decline, it has been proven that there are many steps that can be taken to prevent faster degeneration.†¦show more content†¦For MS, this condition is often times looked over in the aging population due to the fact that it is not a condition that is commonly looked for in the geriatric population. While MS is often thought to be a disease that is more evident in young and middle aged adults, literature explains that approximately 10% of all people diagnosed with MS are over the age of 65 (Finlayson). It has also been proven time and time again that by maintaining activity for as long as possible and getting these individuals active as early as possible is incredibly valuable to the course of the condition and to preventing decline (Kolackzowski). Not only is it incredibly valuable to keep these individuals diagnosed with conditions active, but evidence has shown that keeping our geriatric population in general active prolonged life and drastically improves quality of life (Matteo). These conditions all have very recognizable symptoms, and when people take the time to briefly educate themselves on these symptoms, it can really alter the course of these individuals’ lives forever. Degenerative conditions are incredibly detrimental. They are terrifying and horrific for not only the individuals diagnosed but the family members surrounding them. By intervening early, not only does it drastically improve the quality of life of theShow MoreRelatedEffects of Postpartum Depression on Child Bearing and Rearing Family1357 Words   |  6 Pagesloss of energy, self-loathing, reckless behavior and concentration problems. These symptoms may lead to other factors that are detrimental to the child bearing and rearing family. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effects of PPD in terms of its significance to the health of the family. The scope of this paper will discuss the relation of PPD on child development, children-parent attachment and marital dysfunction. Then, two determinants of health and their relevance to the health issueRead MoreAnalysis Of Helicopter Parenting By Cline And Fay1664 Words   |  7 Pagesfindings surrounding Helicopter parenting or over-parenting and the implications that this parenting style may have on both the child and the parents. The main focus of this brief is the effect that over-parenting can have on the experiences and development of children throughout the lifespan. Importance of Issue: Over-parenting, also known as helicopter parenting, involves the implementation of inappropriate levels of parental control. This may include problem-solving, monitoring, directiveness, tangibleRead MoreThe Demystification of the Freedmens Bureau Essay1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of the Freedmen Bureau in African-American development during the Reconstruction era has been a polarizing topic since the Bureau’s inception. While most concur that the Bureau was well intended, some scholars, believe that the Freedmen’s Bureau was detrimental to African-American development. One such scholar was W.E.B. Dubois, who in his book The Souls of Black Folk, expressed his discontent with the actions of the Bureau and suggested that the Bureau did more harm than good. Upon furtherRead MoreThe Abuse Of Drugs And Alcohol1365 Words   |  6 PagesThe abuse of drugs and alcohol has been a known issue over past decades. The media paints the picture that alcohol and drug use is fun and the only way to have a good time. While alcohol in moderation is fine, many people find themselves going over board and abusing it. Elicit drugs like cocaine and heroin are highly addictive and have several adverse effects. People find themselves depressed and anxious so they ultimately try to use these drugs to mask the pain instead of getting help for theirRead MoreWhat Is Meant By Plasticity On The Context Of Neural Development And Briefly Describe How It Occurs As A Lifelong Essay1219 Words   |  5 PagesSOWK 506 Quiz 1 Part 1: Explain what is meant by plasticity in the context of neural development and briefly describe how it occurs as a lifelong process. The term plasticity is commonly defined as â€Å"the quality of being easily shaped or molded.† But when this term is used in the context of neural development, one may refer to this as brain plasticity and/or neuroplasticity, which means that the brain has the ability to change over a lifespan. Changes in one’s brain can occur by gaining knowledgeRead MoreDetrimental Traditional Media and Social Media1460 Words   |  6 Pagesday-to-day activities. Also, they are pleased by the good reviews of media but along with its swift development are other effects that harm the environment and the people living in it. Kaiser Family Foundation’s study shows that between the age of eight and eighteen, most kids and teens nowadays are glued to any forms of media. Media is a broad topic to discuss. It may include the traditional media and the social media. Traditional Media, which until now is being used, includes television (TV), radioRead MoreEffects Of Colonial Policies And Practices Essay1735 Words   |  7 PagesAmira Musah Professor Konadu AFN 122-1201 November 20th, 2016 The detrimental impact of colonial policies and practices on â€Å"colonial† and post-colonial Africa. In spite of their independence, African nations continue to face serious economic, social, and military challenges. I claim colonialism served as a significant force that had a detrimental impact on African society, economics, and politics. The Oxford dictionary defines colonialism as the â€Å"policy or practiceRead MoreToo Much Violence and Bullying among Adolescents816 Words   |  3 Pagesbeen an increase in the number of youth violence and social/relational bullying incidents among adolescents. Dresler-Hawke and Whitehead (2009, p. 195) define relational bullying as â€Å"a form of victimization whereby peer relationships are purposefully undermined with the intention of socially excluding individuals.† Relational bullying relates to the adolescent as this is an indirect form of bullying that has a negative impact on the social development of this population (Vessey, DiFazio, and Strout,Read MoreTechnology And Its Detrimental Effect On Children1123 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesLuke Stafford En 102 Essay 4 6/22/2015 Technology is a large part of everyday life in the 21st century, and the effects of its power over our culture are clearly visible in multiple ways. For example, social media is the most popular form of communication and using the internet and computers seems second nature to us, especially in the form of entertainment. Many children today have never known a time when they didn’t have access to the internet, a television, or a cell phone. Everything is accessibleRead MoreRochester Youth Development Study: Relationship Between Family and Juvenile Delinquency1052 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (2010), in the year 2010, 784 juveniles were arrested for murder, 2,198 for rape, and 35,001 for aggravated assault. The amount of juveniles being involved in violent crimes is very detrimental to all aspects of our society, but environmental factors are a major component of this issue that needs to be analyzed. The question is then is how does instability and turmoil within the family affect the rate of juvenile delinquency amount youth

Shareholder Activism and Middle Management Equity Incentives

Question: Discuss about the Shareholder Activism and Middle Management Equity Incentives. Answer: Introduction : Serious difficulties are being faced in the fields of auditing, accounting, and corporate governance. These have, in fact, weakened the reliability and class of financial reporting. The two features of business governance which cannot be properly fixed' without disrupting the whole governance process in a lasting way are auditing and accounting (Brockett Rezaee, 2012). The accountable authority for misunderstanding of the capital marketplaces, the economical writing procedure, and to implement the present rules plus standards which are necessary is the SEC. with the right amount of administration from it, or also from the self-governing safekeeping that are exchanged, such governance problems can be dealt with. The right amount of substantive changes in the forms of accounting, auditing, and corporate governances, will see an increasing quality of the financial reporting system (Brockett Rezaee, 2012). Researchers generally claim that giving managers stock options as a component of their compensation can help reduce agency costs between them and the shareholders. Other researchers disagree. Explain some reasons for the disagreement. The term agency costs' refers to that instance when an agent's conduct diverts from a shareholder's interest. Managers often face conflict while in the process of benefitting shareholders (LIU SONG, 2007). The main reasons for researchers to disagree on this fact are that the managers opt for less concentrated work and better heights of consumption, as these factors does not decrease their compensation and the worth of the company's stocks that they own. Another reason states that managers prefer short-term investments. While avoiding problems that comes out from reducing employment levels that increases with the change of the company's control is another valid point. Managers also prefer a lesser risky investment and lower financial leverage as this may reduce the chances of being bankrupt (LIU SONG, 2007). "Shareholder Activism" is the recent phenomenon where shareholders have been demanding greater control over their company. What are your thoughts on this development? It is a way by which a shareholder may influence a corporation's behavior by exercising their ownership rights over it. There are ways by which shareholders can influence the board of directors and the management as they don't run a company directly. This generally happens when the shareholder is dissatisfied with the management. But this may pull a company back on its tracks. The idea is getting popular as resources have commenced to create pressure on corporate administrations for the variations which were supposed to serve the benefits of only temporary profit purchasers. In recent times, many hedge funds, social investors and many additional smaller stockholders influence the capitals of their investors in order to achieve authority in a corporation to force variations (Marler Faugre, 2010). Some of these variations can upsurge the worth of the shareholder primarily. But much of the trust pressure goals at an instant revenue and is of doubtful worth to the firm or stockholders g enerally. The major source of distress in such a situation would appear to come from contradictory time prospects. Hedge resources have a smaller time prospects in relation to additional investors and are not always upright for long-term benefits. Such steps might cause a for-the-time' rise in the share's worth and benefit the persons who seek a speedy turnover. But superior fundamental standards and superior gratitude might mature if the firm utilized the cash as a substitute to improve itself. Following such a basis, stockholders would need to fight such hedge-fund weight. Whatever may be the reason of such an act, stockholders always want to evaluate the availability of long-term, essential welfares. If it ensures, one can go ahead (Wibowo, 2014). References Brockett, A. Rezaee, Z. (2012).Corporate sustainability(1st ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. LIU, X. SONG, X. (2007). Effects of Controlling Shareholders Agency on Debt Financing Agency Costs: Analysis based on Real Options.Systems Engineering - Theory Practice,27(9), 61-68. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1874-8651(08)60056-3 Marler, J. Faugre, C. (2010). Shareholder Activism and Middle Management Equity Incentives.Corporate Governance: An International Review,18(4), 313-328. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00794.x Wibowo, B. (2014). Price Manipulation in Indonesian Capital Market: Empirical Analysis on Stockbrokers Behavior and Interaction Pattern between Domestic Investors and Foreign Investors.Indonesian Capital Market Rev.,2(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.21002/icmr.v2i1.3659

Personality, Psychology and the Human Profundity an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Personality, Psychology and the Human Profundity Personality Profundity Personality traits have bewildered man for a long time. While there are many different approaches and schools of thought concerning personality traits, the two approaches this essay will address are the psychoanalytic and trait approaches. Analyzing the psychological issues that emerge in an investigation such as this help to determine if one approach is more reliable than the other, or if they are codependent. Need essay sample on "Personality, Psychology and the Human Profundity" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The psychoanalytic approach was founded in 1900 by Sigmund Freud and was publicized in The Interpretation of Dreams. It argues that humans think, feel and behave as they do based upon previous encounters; especially those encounters as a child. If this is true then we can truthfully state that from the time of conception in the mothers womb, humans begin to develop paradigms upon which to base the rest of their lives. It is the understanding of the psyche that engenders such attention to this school of thought. Alleydog.com is a web site that offers definitions and explanations on various topics by involving many scholars across the vast divide of the human psyche. Their offering on the psychoanalytic approach is as follows: The psychoanalytic approach focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind (not the conscious mind). In other words, psychoanalytic perspective dictates that behavior is determined by your past experiences that are left in the unconscious mind (people are unaware of them). This perspective is still based on Freuds psychoanalytic perspective about early experiences being so influential on current behavior. Dr. Marsha Lucas, who practices psychology in Washington D.C., states that the psychoanalytical approach offers her patients the opportunity to discover personality characteristics that can be developed or removed in order to make the patient a more productive member of society (About Dr. Lucas, n.d.). It is believed that this approach helps people understand their relationships both with themselves and others. When comparing this approach to the trait approach the discovery made is that they have overlapping schools of thought. The trait approach is based on similar ideas of the psychoanalytical approach and is a set of personal characteristics (traits) that make an individual who they are. Courage, ambition, humor, and honesty are a few characteristics that are believed to be traits of people. When describing others it is not uncommon to use terms such as these. You've probably used the term "character traits" before when referring to ways in which people behave, or explained someones behavior by saying, "that's just the type of person he/she is". These phrases all refer to a person's enduring characteristics or dispositions which give rise to their behaviors or behavior patterns. For example, you may view yourself as a curious type of person. In this case, curiosity is one of your traits - it is enduring (won't disappear over time) and leads you to act in specific ways like reading a lot to gather new information. However, the variance in this approach is the fact that a universal set of traits is yet to be discovered. The interesting thing, and one overlapping thought with the psychoanalytical approach, is the idea that these traits, once discovered, can be developed to make an individuals life better than it currently is. In conclusion, it can be stated that human nature is prone to change as people mature. For example, traits that are assigned to children can be different than those assigned to the same individual as an adult. Whether or not these traits were there at childhood and were simply under-developed remains a mystery. As with most professions that deal with the human psyche, there is always a margin for variance. This variance can be best understood as the area of personality approaches that overlap in many different theories that are applied to an individuals personality. References The Psychoanalytical Approach. Retrieved December 30, 2006, About Dr. Lucas. Retrieved December 30, 2006, from, www.marshalucasphd.com. The Traits Approach. Retrieved December 30, 2006.

How to improve your productivity

How to improve your productivity We all have been through this: working hard on a serious project at work or college and at some point it gets stuck. Simply because of the lack of ideas, fresh thoughts or just your interest burns out. It is a common thing but it doesn’t mean it is normal. It’s possible to wriggle out of the deadlock. We offer you a couple of easy tips for everyday that are applicable to any work or studying. Sleep Tight – Work Alright Sleep deprivation is the root of all your problems. You fall asleep at night but your brain doesn’t. It performs one of its most important functions – excretes metabolites from the neurons (all the unnecessary and harmful accumulations). Basically it just cleans itself.   Think of your computer: what happens if you don’t clean it? Right, it’s more liable to derangements! Keeping a healthy sleeping pattern will keep the brain fit. It seems that there’s not enough time to complete the task and the way out is to cut on sleep. Well, it is NOT. If the head isn’t fresh enough, the energy conversion efficiency of the work equals zero. Digress from the Topic I remember a story of one nurse: when getting on the bus after work, she was looking at passengers’ arms and thinking whether she could hit the vein on the first try for a blood test. The point is, when you work hard on something all the time you are all into the subject even when you are off the work. Thus, when you get yourself distracted for some other things (even usual ones like a cup of coffee or brushing teeth), subconsciously thoughts, related to the project, are still processing in the head. You free the mind and the solution may strike you, while you’re making a sandwich. Give it a Break Working hard is the major part of the productivity. However, â€Å"no rest for the wicked† (workaholic) shouldn’t be the case. Constant thinking process, working stress and tension are fraught with what people call burning out. Losing interest to what you’re doing because it doesn’t bring you happiness and satisfaction any more, won’t add to your productivity. Be more lenient to yourself: go on a work in the park to clear up the mind, or try fishing and relax by the water. Take some time to relax, calm down and replenish the energy reserve. As the White Rabbit said â€Å"The hurrier I go, the behinder I get†. Muse – the Goddess of Inspiration British rock is great but it’s not the kind of Muse that will bestow you with ideas while watching YouTube and doing nothing. The inspiration will come only while working. Therefore, the lack of inspiration is not an excuse for not working. The productivity will rise in the process when you get deep into your ideas and find inspiration in the project. Manage the Work Ahead Fact: the day has 24 hours. That’s a general knowledge that we often forget about or try to outwit. Sorry General Knowledge – it’s a human nature! We cannot make the day longer or hours pass slower. The only thing that’s in our control is managing 24 hours that we have. Plan your work ahead and try to accomplish the hardest tasks first. The productivity will remain high as long as you do not procrastinate and leave the work for the last minute. Hence, nothing special will get into the head, when it’s full of thoughts about not missing the deadline.

Answer To Correcting Marketing Failures Case Example

Answer To Correcting Marketing Failures Case Example Answer To Correcting Marketing Failures Case – Case Study Example One of the key aspects of Compassionate Capitalism is its focus on utilizing all the surplus revenue and production capa to actually serve all the segments of the population. Surplus revenue is reinvested into the business in order to ensure that business could meet social objectives. It achieves its objectives in a manner which is financial self-sustaining so all members of the society are able to afford it. This philosophy is therefore based upon earning profits as a mean to achieve an end and not as the end itself. It is, however, important to understand that compassionate capitalism may not sustain in economies where profit as the major driving force for engaging into business activity. Compassionate Capitalism can actually correct market failure by offering goods and services at prices which is within the reach of many rather than selling highly profitable products to few.Social businesses can actually offer competitors an alternative avenue to look for new channels and markets where they market and sale their projects. The ability of the companies described in the case study to actually remain profitable and still achieve their objectives clearly suggest that other firms can also take this opportunity to enter into low cost high volume businesses while at the same time controlling pricing as well as production. Social businesses can actually allow their competitors to learn more about controlling their costs and offering products and services at prices which are affordable for all besides providing them necessary knowledge and information to work in poor and developing countries.

Strategic Objective of Amazon.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Objective of Amazon.com - Essay Example Other competitors include Tesco, Wal-Mart’s ASDA, Argos.com and HMV’s online shopping. Â  The strongest competitor, however, remains eBay and Amazon needs to extend its product mix further. Wal-Mart and Tesco are also major competitors because of the wider customer base that these stores serve owing to the physical as well as online retail outlets. Â  Although the online business model greatly facilitates as e-commerce uses the uniform standard of e-commerce and technical expertise yet, on the other hand, Amazon has to consider the different laws in the countries it operates in. Â  Further, the case study states that the increase in annual disposable income will reach to US$5,000 and 617 million households will have access to the internet retailing option, out of which 143 million will be from the Asia Pacific. Â  There has been a change in consumer lifestyles which entails that consumers now prefer convenience because of the busy lifestyles and the hassle of going to different retail outlets for different things, they prefer buying from one retail outlet. Â  Shopping online means there are fewer car fumes, fewer carbon emissions and fewer impacts of global warming and pollution hence it is widely in acceptance to the global standards of environmental protection. Â  The customer database is maintained so that customers are provided with greater interactivity in the form of recommending similar products to customers, offering reviews by other users and online sales staff. Â  

Grant proposal+SOP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Grant proposal+SOP - Coursework Example 1. Title of Project Incidence of the lateral flagella Flag-2 genes in clinical isolates of E. coli. Supervisor(s) surname(s) Forename(s) Title(s) Current post(s) and Employer End date of current funding or normal retirement date Dr J. N. Fletcher J. N. Doctor 3. Proposed Student (where applicable) Forename(s) Title(s) Current post(s and Employer End date of current funding or normal retirement date Fatima Alshannag Fatima PhD student 4. Organisation (administering award if approved) Yorkshire Cancer Research Department accommodating project (and Organisation if other than above) City or Town Bradford Applicant’s Tel. No. and Email address 5. Number of hours per week individuals named in (2) above will devote personally to this studentship. 6. Proposed starting date for period of funding Proposed duration 7. Abstract of Research (10 lines of text in Times New Roman 11-point single spacing). Do not increase size of text box. 8. Full official postal address of applicant Telephone number Fax number Email address 9.1 Does this application follow on from a previously funded YCR award? Please give details. No, this application does not follow previously funded YCR award. 9.2 Is this a resubmission in any part of an application to YCR? No, there are no resubmissions in any part of an application to YCR. ... d summarise the support provided (including its tenure) 10.2 Are you currently applying elsewhere for support for work relating to the present proposal? No, I am not currently applying elsewhere for support for work relating to the present. If so, to which Organisation? 10.3 Is this application or any part of it, currently being submitted elsewhere? No, any part of this application is not being submitted elsewhere. If so, to which Organisation; and by what date is a decision expected? 10.4 Has this application, or any part of it, been submitted elsewhere over the past year? No, this application has not been submitted elsewhere over the past year. If so, to which Organisation? 11. Acceptance of regulations and conditions I/We have read the conditions set out in the Award Conditions and, if my/our application is successful, I/we agree to abide by them. I/We shall be actively engaged in, and in day-to-day control of, the project. I I/We have read the specific Award Information, Award Co nditions and Policies for Awards regarding disclosure of research data, intellectual property and commercial development activity and if my/our application is successful I/we agree to abide by them. Signature of applicant(s) Date: This application should be submitted by/through (i) the Head of Department and (ii) the officer who will be responsible for administering any award that may be awarded (e.g. Finance Officer, Bursar, Registrar, Secretary). Each should sign the following declaration: I confirm that I have read this application and that, if granted, the work will be accommodated and administered in the Department/ Organisation in accordance with the Award Conditions. The staff gradings and salaries quoted are correct and in accordance with the normal practice of this Organisation.

Report Detailing Network Solution for Extension Site Assignment

Report Detailing Network Solution for Extension Site - Assignment Example The router should have a minimum of three interfaces. The first interface connects directly to the server. The second interface provides a connection to the sub networks while the other one connects to the internet for synchronization with the remote back-up servers, and databases. This takes place while also allowing the system to synchronize with standard global time. The fixed port switch provides connectivity from the router to the hosts. This switch should be able to sustain the traffic on the network. The network should also support voice, video and data to be transmitted simultaneously over the network. The transmission of voice and data will facilitate communication on the network and exchange of information. The users are divided into four subnets that support an approximate equal number of hosts. This can be classified according to departments. It will improve communication between the users. The network should also allow flexibility and easy addition of new nodes such as the university’s school of nursing extension site. The initial set up supports 24 hosts and these will be divided into the subnets. They should however facilitate the growth of the network, which involves the increase in data traffic and consequent increase in user activity (Alexander, 2004). The use of a local file server helps manage the data in the network. It is essential that the network have a local server for effective data management. The use of the outlined equipment will help save on costs for developing the network that supports a few users and can deliver efficiently. The network’s design allows for scalability because growth in any institution is

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt

Importance Of The Nile River For Egypt Water pollution is the presence of any substances in water which can be harmful for plants and animals that live in water or people who use it. In other word it is the change in the chemical or physical properties of the water and this change can lead to cause damage and health hazards to animals and plants that live inside it or organisms that use it. (1) Importance of the Nile River for Egypt The Nile River is the primary water resource in Egypt, where it represents more than 95% of the total water resources in Egypt and it is the lifeline for Egypt and there are many reasons for its importance which are: Egyptians depends on it to acquire fresh water to use it for various purposes such as drinking, cooking, cleaning and other household uses. Use it for agriculture where fertile land formed around the Nile River and they irrigated by Nile River. The Nile River is an important source of fish. It is used in water transportation because it passes from south to north Egypt. Industry in Egypt depends a lot on the waters of the Nile River. Recently after the construction of the High Dam became the Nile River is an important source for generating electricity to Egypt. (2) (1) http://www.smokefreecolorado.com/cause-for-water-pollutions/ (2) http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090216123423AALSyKI Causes of pollution There are many sources of water pollution in Nile River. Industry Wastewater: Industry is an important user of water. In same time is an important producer of pollution. Water is very important in industry. Water demand for industry was 3.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2000. And they expect to be 5.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year in 2017. So, when industry increases, the water demands increase.(1) Municipal Wastewater In the city, the water which used by people going down through various treatment processes to make it healthy as possible before release it back to environment. Treating water is help to minimize the negative effects of wastewater on the environment. However, some poor cities along Nile River cannot use treatment facilities which are expensive for them. The only way they can use it is dumped in the river without treated. (2) Statistics show that, all governments generate 3.5 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year of wastewater. Of these wastewater 1.6 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year receives treatment. In 2017, 1.7 Billion Cubic Meters BCM/year will receive treatment. Although the capacity will increase but it will not be able to covers all wastewater. As it is show in table (1) the number of people serves increase and number of people not served increase because increasing in population. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf So, it will not be able to decline the amount of wastewater that is not receiving treatment. (1) Agriculture Wastewater Agriculture is larger consumer of water. And it is in same time contributed in water pollution. Runoff from the agricultural sector frequently contains pollutants that may have an adverse effect on the river. Pollutants such as salts, nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen, and pesticide residue can be found in this runoff. Agricultural runoff often is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“non-pointà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  pollutant, in that it can come from anywhere in a region, and not from a specific drain. This can make it difficult to There are also problems associated with agricultural runoff seeping into the groundwater as well. (2) Effect of population There are many effect of Nile river pollution. Some of these effects are: The presence of oil on the surface of the river works as a buffer between the sun and the plants. This leads to death of fish and Lack of food for humans. In addition, that will decrease the number of fishermen à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Many fishermen have either left their jobs altogether or migrated,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  el-Fikky said. (3) http://www.irgltd.com/Resources/Publications/ANE/2002-09%20Survey%20of%20Nile%20System%20Pollution%20Sources-Egypt.pdf http://sitemaker.umich.edu/sec004_gp5/pollution http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen The solid waste thrown in the river hinder the movement of fishermen net and torn nets which reduces the amount of fish and increase the cost on the fishermen. Saed said he usually catches 2kg of fish a day that equal to US$165 a month, but over the past few months he has had an additional headache: his net needs replacing not every month as in the past but every few days, costing him up to $144 a month. The Nile river is source for drinking but because it polluted by human that could cause a harmful effect on human and cause a dangerous diseases. Not only for people whose drink from it but also for people who eat fish or plant from it. (1) http://www.irinnews.org/Report/87416/EGYPT-River-pollution-hits-Nile-fishermen Abstract Water pollution is a serious problem for the all world. And it is considered to be one of the most harmful problems affecting Egypt. The pollution of Nile River is increase especial in the past few decades. Although the Egyptians love the Nile River a lot and it is important for them, not only in economic terms but it has a significant meaning for them. But this did not protect it from pollution. In this report I will explain the meaning of water pollution. Then, I will take about the important of Nile River. After that, I will talk about causes of Nile River pollution which are industry wastewater, municipal wastewater and agriculture wastewater. Final, I will take about effect of Nile River pollution. Introduction Water covers more than two thirds of the Earths surface; and the rest taken up by land. When the population are increase, the demand for water sources are increase. One of these fresh water resources is Nile River. As we know water is essential for life. No organism can live without it. Water pollution is problem effect human, animals and plants. And it caused by different resource. In these report I will try to find the main causes of water pollution in Nile River and the effect of that pollution. Summary In the summary, as you see all water pollution in Nile rive and in any place in the world created by human and then he try again to solve it what he already create. I advice all people to maintain the environment. And keep the water clean. Conclusion In conclusion, I learn from these report that human create problem. Then, it is adversely affecting our life. For that, I think that the maintain of the environment is a joint operation between all members of the community. UAE University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Principles of Environmental Science Done by: Shaikha Mohammed. ID: 201003128. Instructor: Dr. Tarek Youssef.

THe Metamorphosis of MAlcolm X Essays -- Essays Papers

THe Metamorphosis of MAlcolm X Malcolm X once wrote, â€Å"My life has always been one of changes† (Haley 404). In his autobiography, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, it is very evident that through his life, he went through a series of drastic changes that went from one extreme to another. He went from being at â€Å"the bottom of the American white man’s society,† to become one of the most influential advocates of Black pride (150). Throughout the novel the most evident changes are when Malcolm X moves to Boston, goes to prison, and going on Hajj. After living in Michigan, Malcolm X moves in with his half-sister, Ella, in Boston. Malcolm X described the move as â€Å"pivotal or profound in its repercussions† (38). When he gets to Boston, he sets out to explore the city and to â€Å"get the feel of Boston† (40). When he looks around the area he is living in he finds it full of nothing but â€Å"Hill Negroes† (40). He notices that all these black people are simply breaking their â€Å"backs trying to imitate white people† (40). He immediately rejects their way of thinking and finds himself in the middle of the town’s â€Å"ghetto section† (42). Soon through his friendship with â€Å"Shorty†, Malcolm X is exposed to a new kind of living. He spends his first month in Roxbury with his â€Å"mouth hanging open† (48). He saw small black children â€Å"shooting craps, playing cards, fighting†¦ [throwing] around swear words and slang expressions† (43). Eventually, all this exposure to black people â€Å"being their natural selves† took a great toll on him (43). After hanging out with Shorty and his friends, inevitably, he took his first reefers, first cigarettes, and the first liquor he drank. He ultimately went from being â€Å"country† to a â€Å"cool cat.† When he was exposed to all these â€Å"jungle streets,† he became a hustler and soon began to live like an animal, living only to survive (163). As he became more involved with these people he lost all sense of values and morals. He eventually became a common street hustler, drug dealer, and burglar until he was finally caught and served seven years in jail. Malcolm X’s experience in jail â€Å"saved† him eventually and molded him into the great leader he is known for today. While in prison the first thing that made a â€Å"positive impression† on his life is a fellow inmate named â€Å"Bimbi.† (153). What impressed him the most... ...letion of the Hajj he accepted the true Islam. The â€Å"color-blindness of the Muslim world’s religious society and the color-blindness of the Muslim world’s human society† greatly influenced Malcolm X’s decision to convert to the true Islam, and take back all his beliefs that the white man on the whole was the devil. Rather, the â€Å"specific attitudes and actions toward the black man, and toward all other non-white men† that was condescending, was what was wrong with the American society (333). This trip made a great impact on Malcolm X’s beliefs and changed his life. A year after he returned, Malcolm X was shot repeatedly in the chest while giving a speech in front of two hundred people, including his wife and four children. His life was characterized by a number of extreme changes that transformed his views and what he stood for. When he moved to Boston he found himself at the bottom of the American society, when he went jail he found himself again and gained self-pride, but when he came back form Mecca, as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, his views totally changed, he was on the top of the American society and there he will remain as one of the most influential advocates of Black pride.

Consider the theme of loneliness Essay

Steinbeck employs character are restrained by the â€Å"rules† of society and through them, to convey the characteristics of American society in the 1920s:a society based on physical strength and individualism. The unusual pair, Lennie and George, seemed incongruous in their situations and by comparing and contrasting their relationship to the others, the reader is given a further understanding to the theme. The entire novel is full of references to this theme. In Soledad, also the Spanish word for loneliness, situates the ranch where the majority of the story is set. It is an ordinary ranch with ordinary people doing monotonous, meanual work such as â€Å"bucking barley†. The nature of this work suggests the kind of lifestyle the characters on the ranch lead. The ranch also represents a microcosm of the outside world. Here in this close community, a range of characters, each identify by their own personality, are required to work closely together inorder to achieve their own, individual dreams. When George and Lennie first enters the ranch, they are greeted by â€Å"an old swamper† by the name Candy. A fragile old man with only one hand, he is used by Steinbeck to demonstrate the cruelty of society towards elderly and the disabled. In a society that emphasis physical strength, Candy is clearly at a disadvantage. However, he does not attempt this disadvantage but rather expose the more feminine and sensitive side of him to others to reinforce this weakness. His domestic role in the bunkhouse and part as the gossiper again is an expansion of his at5/9/00titude towards the rest of the male in the ranch. Candy separates himself from the rest of â€Å"guys† and has only the company of a â€Å"dragged-footed sheep-dog†. When Carlson demands the killing of this dog, although disapproves of it, does not retaliate but instead â€Å"looked hopelessly at Slim† and asks for his assistance. His reaction to Carlson’s demand is passive in the way that he only â€Å"watched uneasily† and tries to delay the killing by suggesting â€Å"may be to-morra†. His deep-rooted relationship with the dog is shown in this intensely emotional part that explicitly dissects his sensitivity. At the sound of the shot, he appears lost and all he manages to do is to â€Å"stare into the ceiling† blankly. Similar to this, at the end of the story, George too has to face with the death of his love ones. The difference however lies in the reason behind the killing. George justifies the killing and does it out of his concern for Lennie and not out of pressure from others. Curley is the second character appearing on the scene. â€Å"A thin young man† wearing â€Å"high-heeled boots†, he is clearly no ordinary labouring man. He is the boss’ son and is determine to show his status and authority using this kind of symbolism. However, by doing so, he achieves exactly the opposite. The other men do not acknowledge his authority and even Candy thinks of him as a â€Å"scrappy little guy†. His method of trying to gain respects by false image works against him and isolates him from the others. Curley also has a wife who is the only female in the ranch. This arrangement and character of his wife can only encourage the insecurity he feels anyway. Although he has a wife, she appears more a possession to show off rather than a company. Their relationship is equivocal since they appear to spend all day looking for each other. His stature also becomes a great encumbrance to him. With a personality that is completely obsess with self-image, Curley is deeply disturb by his height and to resolve this, he translates his anger towards himself onto others. To him, Lennie’s physique is a challenge of authority and because of this, he wants by prove himself by defeating Lennie. This transference accounts for his cynical nature and isolates him from everyone else. Although desperate to participate, his character and fear for judgement are essential ingredients for his desolation. Curley’s wife is too refereed to as a destitute character. Even before her appearance, the reader is given a pre-conceived image of a † lousy tart† by the introduction from Candy. Her dramatic entrance and physical appearance appears to fit the image: â€Å"full rouged lips and heavily made-up†, clearly she is not a simple country girl by any mean. From her â€Å"playful† action and â€Å"twitchy† body language, George immediately recognize her as the â€Å"femme fatale† and warned Lennie not to talk to her. This warning is a pre-echo to the trouble Lennie will get in for her later on in the story, a build up to the final tragedy at the end. Even at first sight she gave the reputation of a â€Å"tramp† and â€Å"jail-bait†. At a primary level, her action can be explained by boredom and experiment. She is the only in the ranch and clearly has no one to relate. However, from her past experience, Steinbeck implies that Curley’s wife dream about being in the movies all day. By flirting and making sexual suggestive message to others, she attempts to achieve the glamorous and danger feel of affair that she imagined they do in the movies. An alternative explanation to her action would be that she is another victim of loneliness, desperate to establish relationship with others. She dislike Curley for when Curley crushed his hand she even suggested to Lennie that she would have liked to done it herself. When she eventually discovers that Lennie is a good â€Å"listener†, she unburdens herself with â€Å"words in a passion of communication, as though she hurried before her listener could be taken away†. She is a highly ambivalent character because although the reader feels sympathetic towards her for her past â€Å"cast- couch† experience, her seduction that lead to the murder at the end is almost entirely her fault. One may argue that she had no knowledge of Lennie’s past and receives the punishment harsher than she deserves. More over, the price for her â€Å"innocent mistake† is on the destruction of the hope of three blameless people: George, Lennie and Candy. Similarly, George and Lennie have a dream, the American dream of â€Å"living off the fatta the lan’ â€Å". This phrase followed by a description of their future house is a leimotif representing the birth and rebirth of their hope. This hope is the source of energy and once shattered, unlike Curley’s wife who was then able to found a less satisfying alternative: George can find no other replacement like Lennie. Crooks the Negro stable buck is presented as another victim of loneliness. Due to his colour and disability, he is separated with the rest of the male community in everyway. This is shown in the examples that â€Å"the boss gives him hell† whenever he is mad and only in special occasion such as X’mas is he allow into the bunkhouse. In this highly racist period, Crook’s role as the â€Å"nigger stable buck† meant he is at the bottom of the hierarchy and therefore ostracized by the rest of the community. Due to this inferiority, Crooks feels even stronger about protecting himself in territorial terms and by isolation. Nonetheless, he does not enjoy this solitude but instead, quite prefer the opposite. This is best shown when Candy and Lennie enter his room, which no one but Slim had done before, Crooks â€Å"finds it difficult to conceal his pleasure in anger†. Although he would rather play card in the bunkhouse with others, since he â€Å"stink† and â€Å"ain’t wanted there†, instead, he has to â€Å"sit out here and read books†. This shows that he has adapted to loneliness using other means but although he knows nothing can replace a real company. In the scene which he unburdens himself to Lennie, the situation becomes parallel to that of Lennie and Curley’s wife. Not only are they both absurd and have difficulty in relating to others on the ranch due to society boundary based on racism and sexism, they both confide in Lennie because he would not â€Å"go on blabbin† to others. With Lennie they do not feel under threat and therefore do not have to protect themselves with masks of imagery. In comparison, George and Lennie are alway s at ease at the company of each other. Apart from Slim, they appear to be the only â€Å"guys† on the ranch to manage this. Slim the jekline skinner is the touch stone character in the novel used to reflect morally and decency. Although with a common appearance, every movement and air of his is described with â€Å"royalty† and â€Å"achieved only by master craftsmen†. However, his title as â€Å"the price of the ranch† is not self-given†. His authority is acknowledge by the other males on the ranch and so great the â€Å"his word was taken on any object†. His power appears to go beyond the system at the time. Even in this image-ridden macho culture, Slim does not needs to prove his position by creating illusion using force, yet with quite the opposite: gentleness and sense; elements of human quality that are most required in this imbalance situation. Apart from Lennie, Slim appears to be the only one who George is willing to confide. During the talk, they touch on the subject of loneliness, a sensation that grins a normal, respectable person to nothing but â€Å"a mean guy who wants to fight all the time†. In this part of the novel, George explains his relationship with Lennie and why they had traveled together. In a deeper sense, the phrase â€Å"got kinda used to each other† implies a long-term relationship which neither of the can live without now. Other minor characters in the novel such as Carlson and Whitney represent transaline people who best demonstrate the majority of the society at the time. They â€Å"ain’t got no people† so they move around the country as Crook states: â€Å"they come, an’ they quit an’go†. Their life style is monotonous and â€Å"they ain’t have no fun†. Their few entertainments include the horseshoe game and cards, which again are reference to competition and individualism. Nonetheless, it is only in these games they make allowance for their guard and relax into the company of each other. In conclusion, Steinbeck presentation of the theme of loneliness is reflected in the actions of his character. Although desperate to make contact, their concern for reputation and nature of the machismo culture in society isolate them from one another. The end tragedy then attracts sympathy from the reader by shattering the hope of few exceptions that appeared to have survived.

About Addison Mizner and Floridas Resort Architecture

About Addison Mizner and Florida's Resort Architecture Addison Mizner (born: December 12, 1872, in Benicia, California) remains one of the most influential figures of southern Floridas early-20th-century building boom. His fanciful Mediterranean style of architecture launched a Florida Renaissance and inspired architects throughout North America. Yet Mizner is largely unknown today and was rarely taken seriously by other architects during his lifetime. As a child, Mizner traveled around the world with his large family. His father, who became the U.S. minister to Guatemala, settled the family in Central America for a time, where the young Mizner lived among Spanish-influenced buildings. To many, Mizners legacy is based on his early exploits with his younger brother, Wilson. Their adventures, including a stint looking for gold in Alaska, became the subject of Stephen Sondheims musical Road Show. Addison Mizner did not have formal training in architecture. He apprenticed with Willis Jefferson Polk in San Francisco and worked as an architect in the New York area after the Gold Rush, yet he could never master the task of drawing blueprints. When he was 46, Mizner moved to Palm Beach, Florida because of his ill health. He wanted to capture the diversity of Spanish architecture, and his Spanish Revival style homes won the attention of many of the wealthy elite in the Sunshine State. Criticizing modern architects for producing a characterless copybook effect, Mizner said that his ambition was to make a building look traditional and as though it had fought its way from a small unimportant structure to a great rambling house. When Mizner moved to Florida, Boca Raton was a tiny, unincorporated town. With an entrepreneurs spirit, the eager developer aspired to transform it into a luxurious resort community. In 1925, he and his brother Wilson started Mizner Development Corporation and purchased more than 1,500 acres, including two miles of beach. He mailed out out promotional material that boasted a 1,000-room hotel, golf courses, parks and a street wide enough to fit 20 lanes of traffic. Stockholders included such high-rollers as Paris Singer, Irving Berlin, Elizabeth Arden, W.K. Vanderbilt II, and T. Coleman du Pont. Film star Marie Dressler sold real estate for Mizner. Other developers followed Mizners example, and eventually, Boca Raton became all that he envisioned. It was a short-lived building boom, however, and within a decade he was bankrupt. In February of 1933, he died at age 61 of a heart attack n Palm Beach, Florida. His story remains relevant today as an example of the rise and fall of a once-successful American entrepreneur. Significant Architecture 1911: Additions to White Pine Camp/Coolidge Summer White House, Adirondack Mountains, New York State1912: Rock Hall, Colebrook, Connecticut1918: Everglades Club, Palm Beach, Florida1922: William Gray Warden Residence, 112 Seminole Ave., Palm Beach, Florida1923: Via Mizner, 337-339 Worth Ave., Palm Beach, Florida1923: Wanamaker Estate / Kennedy Winter White House, 1095 North Ocean Boulevard, Palm Beach, Florida1924: Riverside Baptist Church, Jacksonville, Florida1925: Via Parigi, Palm Beach, Florida1925: Administration Buildings, 2 Camino Real, Boca Raton.1925: Boynton Womans Club, 1010 S. Federal Highway, Boynton Beach1925: Boca Raton Resort and Club, Boca Raton, Florida1926: Fred C. Aiken House, 801 Hibiscus St., Boca Raton, Florida Sources Boca Raton Historical Society and MuseumDivision of Cultural Affairs, Florida Department of State [accessed January 7, 2016]Florida Memory, State Library Archives of Florida

The Day of Doom Essays

The Day of Doom Essays The Day of Doom Paper The Day of Doom Paper Michael Wigglesworth and his poem â€Å"The Day of Doom† was an extremely popular poem in 1662. This poem reflected the puritan belief of life, death, and punishment. The poem is based on the religious theology in which God is responsible for both good and bad things that happen in the universe. However, God punishes the bad people, like he punished Adam in the Garden of Eden. They believe that all men are inherently evil and must be punished. God then selects only a few men who can avoid this torture and have salvation. Wigglesworth begins with an image of a sleepy town. As the people sleep a trumpet is blown and the mortals are chased by angels. This angels choose who will be saved and will not be saved. The people who are to damned are brought before god. Each individual is allowed to plead their case. Despite their efforts, all of them are taken to hell. The lucky people who were picked to salvation go on to heaven. This paralleled the current religion belief of the time. The poem is written like religious ballad with meter like a nursery rhyme. The text is full of scripture references that are incorporated into the narrative tale Certainly, Wigglesworth believed in the puritan religion. He wrote this poem to enforce and demonstrate what happens when the world ends and judgment day is upon the human race. He wrote to this poem to entertain, through fear, the puritans. Religion, specifically punishment, is a way in which society can be controlled. Wigglesworth and his poetry are representative of the era in which he wrote. This was conservative society and their lives revolved around religion.

Shifts in Values from Renaissance to Modern Age Research Paper

Shifts in Values from Renaissance to Modern Age - Research Paper Example This text explores such differences and similarities between these two ages. In terms of philosophy, it is evident that certain cultural values have changed from the Renaissance to today. Perhaps, it is of uttermost importance to start the text by defining the most crucial terminologies involved. Most historians would describe the Renaissance as a cultural rebirth that commenced in Florence, Italy, before dispersal to the other parts of Europe from approximately 1300 to 1600. During this time, â€Å"Europeans underwent a transformed interest in Roman and classical Greek civilization, and consequently, in learning mathematics, science, philosophy, science, and the arts† (Adams, 2005, p. 87). Christianity took a center stage during the renaissance and its influence can be felt in the dawn of modern science. Men during the renaissance were expected to be outstandingly well-rounded and learned in various subjects. The Renaissance brought about the end of the middle Ages and embrac ed for the first time the ideals of the modern world. For this reason, it is seen as a changeover era between the middle ages and modern times. As Adams (2005) asserts, â€Å"no single ideology or philosophy dictated the intellectual life of the Renaissance period† (p. 143). Humanists during the early days had stressed a supple approach to the issues of society and the fast life in service of all human beings. Renaissance philosophers, during the second part of the 15th century including Marsilio FICINO in Florence, embraced metaphysical speculation. Nonetheless, Plato never replaced Aristotle as the leading philosopher in many universities. However, there was an effort aimed towards philosophical syncretism, to combine conflicting theories and philosophies, and establish common ground for accord with regards to the truth just like Giovanni Pico Della Mirandola. Renaissance science comprised largely of the study of physics, medicine, and mathematics, depending on old masters, such as Aristotle, Euclid, and Galen. Experimental science in alchemy and anatomy led to the invention within and outside university surroundings. It is this invention of the university environment that ushered in the modern times. Many of the philosophical though today happens in the confines of universities and institutions of higher learning. Philosophy has taken the form of a discipline. However, the Renaissance had a darker side. Despite interest in philosophical ideas, violent and pestilent death was frequent, and warfare was widespread. There was lots of interest in things that embraced the occult, astrology, and magic. It is during this time that the formally authorized persecution for witchcraft commenced. A number of intellectuals felt a deep cynicism about the corruptions and evils of society as evident in the frequently savage humanist opposers of Desiderius Erasmus and Giovanni Francesco Poggio Bracciolini. Nicolo Machiavelli, one of the supreme Renaissance thinkers ca me up with a realistic science about human nature with regards to reforming the Italian society and the making of a civil life that is immensely secure. Cassirer & Domandi (2010) state that, â€Å"Machiavelli’s republican ideals influenced by a realistic viewpoint of politics and the inevitability of vibrant change were the most innovative contribution of the Renaissance towards the modern world† ( p. 75). Undoubtedly, the Renaissance Era was influential in that it lived on in instituted standards of literature and taste and an

The Hawthrone Effect Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Hawthrone Effect - Term Paper Example Regardless of how they act in a real life setting, they will change their behavior to match what is expected or assumed of the experiment. It is also possible for the researchers themselves to fall prey to the Hawthorne Effect to sway the results towards their own expectations. The significance of the Hawthorne Effect is that it causes the results of experiments to be inaccurate. If the subject is aware of the hypothesis of the experiment, they have all the information that they need to change their behavior to influence the direction of the experiment. However, if the subject is not being honest about their behavior, then the experiment risks being a failure and becomes a waste of time and effort. By implementing the Hawthorn Effect into an experiment, the subject is not allowing the researchers to understand a concept or specific behavior. One example of the Hawthorne Effect is if Chip Company One were conducting a taste test between their product and the product of a rival. If the researchers made it known which product was theirs, odds are the subjects of the experiment would automatically say that that product tasted the best. Another example is the famous experiment which coined the term Hawthorne Effect. The experiment involved seeing if lighting had an effect on the productivity of people working in a business.

Log 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Log 4 - Essay Example Upon my arrival, I met the nurse in charge, and she assigned me to a case involving the preparation of a patient for the operation room. The nurse in charge requested the Registered Nurse (RN) in charge of the Operation Room (OR) schedule to oversee my undertakings. Jerriann, the RN, was in charge of the most recent OR case that was scheduled for 11.30 a.m. The first task entailed preparing a patient that was in the recovery room for the operation room. In order to begin working on the patient’s preparation we had to wait for the whole team to arrive. The anesthetist first talked to the patient before we could initiate the preparation. My role as a CNS in the preparation for OR entailed ensuring that the patient’s safety was upheld during the transfer process into the OR. The role of ensuring patient safety as a CNS is important in shaping the direction of managed care outcomes, therefore, I had to make sure that protocols of transfer to the OR and preparation were obse rved. As part of this task, I had to carry out double checks to ensure that the IV lines were appropriately positioned, the side rails were up and the indwelling catheters were secure and well knotted to avoid any dislodge. After completion of the checks and observation of transfer protocols, the patient was safely transferred to the operation room. Once safely positioned in the operation room the nursing team began preparing the patient to receive spinal anesthesia. The process was quite challenging because the nursing team took almost one hour to properly insert the needle. The challenge was due to the fact that there was some resistance encountered during the insertion process. However, the process was finally successful on a second attempt. Everything was set to go after the completion of the anesthetist’s process, and the operation team started operating on the patient. Perhaps the first anomaly that I noted about the process is the fact that the team had failed

Childhood Obesity Essay Example for Free

Childhood Obesity Essay Childhood obesity is a growing health concern nationwide. Obesity is a disorder in which the body fat content has become so high that it creates health problems and increased risk of health problems (Childhood Obesity: An Overview. Children Society, 21(5), 390-396). Doctors agree that there are two primary factors in creating obese children. First, the children and teenagers are not eating the right kinds of foods. Second, Americas children are getting less and less exercise on a daily basis. The effects of childhood obesity can be very serious and often include both physical and psychological effects on the lives of the children who are affected. Children that are obese go through a lot of different situations that allow them to become more prone to a mental illness. There are several causes for childhood obesity. Technology plays a big role in childhood obesity in today’s society. The biggest cause of childhood obesity is the lack of parenting. Childhood obesity can be prevented. It is best to prevent it from happening than to have to obtain a treatment for it. Childhood obesity plays a major impact on children up into adulthood and even has a role in the decisions an individual makes. Children that are obese have physical limitations. Most children usually take a liking into some type of physical activity whether it is playing a sport or just running around the yard for fun. Those actions are the normal expected actions of any child by both society and most of all parents. It is very difficult for a child when he or she is excluded from or limited to a certain amount of a physical activity due to weight related issues. Some children do not take rejection very well in any way, shape, or form. Obese children fall subject to a variety of physical and perceived physical barriers. Living an active lifestyle is difficult for an obese child. Obese children often go through a cycle of inactivity and poor health which creates more and more of a problem. Some of these problems that inactivity and poor health cause include asthma, joint pain and increased musculoskeletal stress, orthopedic problems, and psychosocial morbidity. When it comes to physical activity it is common in obese people to have the feeling of being too heavy in order to perform any physical activities. It is almost impossible for an obese child to just jump into heavy doses of high intensity physical activity. It is preferred that an obese child take a slow approach with light low-intensity physical activities in order to reach a better health. Obesity is associated with early mortality and has overtaken smoking as the health problem with the greatest impact on quality of life, mortality, and morbidity (Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 57(1), 13-20). The physical effects are often similar to the effects that are faced by adults who are obese, the psychological effects can sometimes be much, much worse because of the negative impact these issues can place on a still developing child. Mental illness is a significant factor that associates with obesity. Most people hear the term obese and mainly think of it as a physical condition. Obesity can be both physical and mental. From a behavioral perspective, mental illness is often characterized by a symptom profile that impacts energy, appetite, and motivation, and is more likely to be associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors, such as smoking, alcohol, and drug use. This makes exercise and healthy nutritional choices more difficult to implement (Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 57(1), 13-20). There is on individual on the face of this earth that smokes, drinks, or uses any recreational drugs that can still perform heavy doses of high intensity activities on a regular basis. The most common mental condition that is found it obese children is low self-esteem. Most people do not realize how much detrimental comments affect these children. The majority of children who are obese are faced with constant and persistent ridicule. The sad part about this situation is that the ridicule does not come from just other children but adults as well. The results of constant ridicule may lead a child to believe that they are worth anything which makes them feel as if there is no reason for them to even try to amount to anything. When anyone has that belief in their head it blocks that person from not caring about their life as a whole. This leads to a variety of problems all on its own. Success is something that may never be strived for by a child or adult that loses the mental battle that comes along with obesity. Studies show that children that are obese are at a higher risk of emotional problems that often carry over into adulthood. The study also reported that obese boys and girls with low self-esteem had higher rates of loneliness, sadness and nervousness. These children were more likely to smoke and drink alcohol compared with obese children with normal self-esteem. Depression, often an outcome of low self-esteem, affects as many as 750,000 teens in the U. S. (Source: Pediatrics, Childhood Obesity and Self-Esteem, January 2000. ) Untreated depression is recently passed upon but is a cause and effect of childhood obesity. Technology is at an all-time high. The technological age has resulted in children spending prolonged hours in front of television (TV) and computer screens. Lots of children are more interested in the technology than the usual interest of physical activity. Television shows, the internet, mobile phones, and video games occupy most children’s attention for great amounts of time every day. The rapid growth of technology is grasping the attention of the youth. The new lifestyle that has taken over the lives’ of the youth leaves little time for them to exercise. This lifestyle reduces the amount of physical activity and it is far from the lifestyle that their parents may have enjoyed many years ago. Parks are not as used as they often were and playgrounds are not as busy as they used to be. All of that is replaced with computers, laptops, handheld games, and anything that involves little or no physical movement. Health researchers suggest no television at all for children aged less than two years and not more than two hours of viewing for children aged more than two years. Most importantly it’s unhealthy to provide your child a separate television or computer in his room. More time spent on television and computer playing video games or computer games means less time spent on healthy physical activities. Nintendo did have one breakthrough when they the WII system to the world. This games forces children to get up out of their seats and move in order to play the game. Children are limited to the use of certain technology while at school, but at home the use of technology is at the discretion of the parent. Most children would rather sit inside all day with technology and constantly intake major calories without burning any. On a daily basis this can add some major pounds and create bad habits. Technology is great to have but it must not be abused by any individual. More than 25 million students use the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) daily, while approximately 7 million utilize the National School Breakfast Program (NSBP) daily. The public school systems have started programs that assure that each child is being fed healthy foods and that each child has the required physical activity to go along with an education. School programs that encourage physical activity are important for increasing childrens energy expenditure; because children are less likely to participate in physical activity in the absence of adult supervision (Am J Public Health. 001;91:618-620). The education and health of children are prominent considerations in the 21st century. Schools have always had a traditional focus on increasing literacy and numeracy proficiency in children, but now they are increasingly being tasked with preventing obesity as well. Regular physical activity is directly implicated in the prevention of childhood obesity; there is evidence, however, that it may also benefit cognitive development(American Journal Of Public Health, 102). Physical education (PE) in schools is an ideal vehicle by which to promote physical activity in children because it is available to all children, and teachers have the opportunity to integrate it into the overall education process (American Journal Of Public Health, 102). The public school system has a major impact on the determination of what children are exposed to. Starting the concern for kid’s health at an early age is a head start for the future. The impact on the lives of kids early may be the influence each child needs in order to make healthy decisions in the run of life. Parenting is the best prevention method that exists today for childhood obesity. Parents may miss or just don’t ever think about the actions that they perform around their kids. Children are followers, so most kids are reflections of their parents. Parents can help prevent obesity by having the knowledge of nutritional facts, by the food available in the household, by the parents’ eating habits, encouragement of activity, parents’ activity pattern, the current weight of the parent and by monitoring the time spent with the new age technology that requires little or no physical movement. Old sayings often make people believe that obesity is genetic. This is not a true statement. Every adult has control over what their physical appearance would be. Children need a good role model physically. Parents are the perfect role models for this job. Parents have the biggest and most effect on the lives of their children. Parents should be very concerned with the health of their children at a very early age. Some of the schools are now offering to the parents a few courses that are very direct about proper nutrition and exercise. Also the lunch menu for the week is sent home in advance to inform the parents of what type of foods and snacks that their children are consuming on a daily basis. People are still in belief when it comes to kids that it is ok for them to eat anything. Proper nutrition plays a very big role in the development of a child , both physical and mental. Keeping the kids in the habit of eating healthy has very great benefits in the long run. The mixture of fast food diets along with sedentary lifestyles is creating a generation of children who are facing very adult health issues like high cholesterol, diabetes and heart disease. Preventing obesity, or even slowing the dramatic rate of increase in obesity prevalence, will probably require societal changes which facilitate the modification of diet and physical activity by children and their families (Childhood Obesity: An Overview. Children Society, 21(5), 390-396). Technology will continue to rise rapidly. Most children are more attracted to prolonged hours of sitting with some type of technology rather than to get up and be active. The society revolves around the use of technology, both mobile and stationary. Public schools are implementing new programs that will reflect the proper nutrition and exercise required for each child. Schools also have the potential to influence students beliefs and attitudes regarding nutrition and weight control. Parents are the best prevention method against obesity. Parents have the control over each and every cause of childhood obesity. Every child looks up to their parent and someday may want to follow in their footsteps. The result of the footsteps each child takes is heavily depended upon the parent.

Claude Monet Essay -- Artists Impressionism Painters Painting Essays

Claude Monet Claude Monet made the art community address a revolutionary type of art called impressionism. In a style not previously before painted, impressionism captured a scene by using bright colors with lots of light and different shades to create the illusion of a glance. The traditional method of working in a studio was discarded and the impressionist artists carried any needed supplies with them into the countryside and painted the complete work outside. The manufacture of portable tin tubes of oil paints as well as the discovery of ways to produce a wider range of chemical pigments allowed artists to paint in a way unimaginable before this period in time (Stuckey 12). Monet and others, such as Pierre Auguste Renior, Paul Cezanne, Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, and Alfred Sisley, took this style of art to a new level never seen before. Claude Monet was born on November 14, 1840, in Paris, France and moved to LeHavre with his family at age five (Skira 21). As a schoolboy, Monet doodled in the margins of his books. His artistic career began by drawing caricatures of his schoolmasters distorting their faces and profiles outrageously. By the time he was fifteen, people would pay ten or twenty francs for one of his drawings (Skira 22). In 1857 Monet met the famous landscape painter Eugene Boudin, who was in the LeHavre area. Boudin noticed Monet's talent when he saw his caricatures. Boudin took Monet to the countryside and showed him what it was to paint something of art. Monet was quoted as saying, "it was as if a veil was torn from my eyes and I understood what painting should be (Stuckey 186)." Monet used the money earned from selling his caricatures to pay for a trip to Paris in 18... ...f 86 and after outliving many of his fellow artists, Claude Monet died leaving a legacy of works devoted to the way he saw the world. Everything in life was a magnificent symphony of colors in Monet's eyes. He brought to canvas the technique of preserving one particular moment in time by developing the style of presenting the first impact of what an eye would capture in one glance before the brain had the chance to create the exact image of the subject in the mind. Today over 2,000 oil paintings and 600 pencil sketches are exhibited in museums, galleries, and with private art collectors (Stuckey 10) allowing the world to appreciate Monet's vision forever. Works Cited House, John. Monet. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1977. Skira, Albert. Claude Monet. NY: Crown Publishers, 1972. Stuckey, Charles F. Claude Monet 1840 – 1926. NY: Thames & Hudson, 1995.

Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere Essay

Injustice refers to either the absence or the exact opposite of justice. The term is applied either in reference to a particular event or even a larger incident. Injustice throughout society today is heard a lot about. People hear about major injustices all the time especially now media access is a lot easier. Many people can also come together and confront one another to either support or contradict these transgressions. This can also be contemplated throughout innumerable historical events and even ones that encourage Martin Luther King Jr.’s proclamation that any place with injustice means it is a portent everywhere else. Children both men and women are held in slavery over the course of the entire trans-Atlantic slave trade. The National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom Act of 1988 directed the National Park Service to commemorate and honor the history of the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was the resistance to enslavement through escapes and flights throughout the Civil War. It also referred to the efforts of enslaved African Americans to gain their equality by escaping bondage. Wherever slavery existed, there was some sort of effort in escaping. While most completed their journey of escaping unassisted, each subsequent decade in which slavery was legal in the United States saw an accumulation in active efforts to reinforce these escapes. The decision to assist a freedom seeker was quite an experience. However, in other places, particularly after the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Underground Railroad was surprisingly organized and even deliberate; seekers spread out into different directions to discuss the important movement in American History as an examination of the areas in which people were enslaved. The power of the word â€Å"injustice† results in many people abusing it and trying to apply it to situations where uninformed people will react by taking their side of the altercation. In the short passage â€Å"Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus†, Derek Bok discusses the problem of attempting to reconcile the rights of free speech along with the desire to  avoid racial tension. Derek begins his explanation by using two of his students, one who hung up a confederate flag in public view in Harvard along with having one who protested that same situation by hanging swastika. Oppositions may state that anything that may have been a threat or harm to human life should definitely contain limitations and restrictions. Bok stated how extraordinary perspectives argued by various student groups on the campus were also adding on to express how unique student groups suggested revolving this issue that Bok continued to explain the certain campuses resolving around sim ilar dissensions. â€Å"Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.† A nation where most citizens are free to choose their careers, their homes and jobs can be both profitable and content. Having freedom being given freely to the oppressed which means they must fight for their own rights. Most of the time an oppressor benefits from its oppression and the oppressed has to be the first one to set an example of a better situation and then beginning the process of releasing the continuity of oppression. At any rate, it may not be the freedom that â€Å"freedom isn’t free† but it definitely is the basis for it. There is freedom in both social and political senses especially when others abstain from interfering with certain activities that they attend. Freedom in the sense of the inborn capacity to act as people rather than machine figures portray the fact that freedom is free. And that people’s obligations are mostly under a negative connotation rather than a positive connotation in respect to emancipation. In the book, â€Å"The System of Liberty: Themes in the History of Classical Liberalism† by George H. Smith, he discusses the difference between the positive and negative freedom as a huge part of the division between the â€Å"old liberals.† And how the newer liberal comprehension of freedom would require people to do more work instead of initiating force against others because newer liberal-T.H. Green believed that nobody could be free who lacked certain materials. And in order for them all to be free, everybody would be required to submit to the states  demands in the variety forms of taxations and regulations of consensual negotiations. However, oppositions may state that protecting one’s negative social freedom requires usage of scarce resources and in that sense, freedom is not free. Because liberals have spent a decent amount of time proving that new liberalism is founded on a contradiction, that the freedom of one postulates aggressive force upon one another because freedom cannot directly be accustomed; therefore, resulting in people having to work for their liberties. Freedom is not to be given freely because the rights that are already given to us are both significant and immeasurable. In the novel, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, Atticus is appointed by the court to defend Tom Robinson-an African American who had been accused of raping a young White woman. Even though many of Maycomb’s citizens disapproved, Atticus continued to defend Tom. And that resulted in having other children taunt two children Jem and Scout by calling them a â€Å"nigger† for the actions that they have made. Scout was tempted to stand up for his father’s honor by fighting even though Scout’s father told her not to. It was also not the proper way to deal with a situation like this so her father did not want his daughter to get into trouble even though she was not treated as an equal. Though others may disagree and state that it was completely Scout’s fathers’ decision to defend the African American, he deserved the decision he made. Scout’s father stood up for Tom Robinson because he knew that he was innocent and he did what he believed was right. And in the end, Tom Robinson gained his freedom by trying to escape from prison because he knew he did not belong there and ended up getting shot. That was his definition of gaining his freedom and it was definitely not free since he practically sacrificed his life.

Effects of Online Games to the Students Essay

As time passes by, technology continues to evolve. Because of technology, new things were created that sustains and lightens human work. Computers were created because of technology. Computers were the greatest thing ever invented by man itself. In the modern age, computers have become a part of man’s life. Almost all the things around us were made by computers with the aid of modern machines. From the edited books, design, special effects in movies, and televisions etc., were all made by computers. Along with the evolution of technology, computers continue to upgrade as well until the time that computer has now become a part of man’s everyday life that are hooked to computers. Computers can now edit documents to your PC, play mini games, search information you need using the internet, save documents to your PC and play online games. It’s like an all-in-one gadget that can do all the things you want anytime you need it. From 1990 to the present year, online games had a big impact to us especially teenagers. Online games have many genres, including FPS games, MMORPG, Casual games and multiplayer games. A game will become an online game if it involves in using a computer or a series of computers with one player in each computer to battle it out with other players using the Internet depending on the game genre. Games have always been a popular pastime, but with the advent of computer games they have become even more pervasive. Despite all this progress, we may still stop and ask what makes a game. Because computer games are a subset of games, everything we can say about games in general applies also to them. Nevertheless, computer games are also computer programs, and, therefore, lessons learnt in software construction can be applied to them. A third perspective to computer games is subjective and it concerns finding out what features the players expect from a computer game. A dictionary defines ‘game’ as ‘a universal form of recreation generally including any activity engaged in for diversion or amusement and often establishing a situation that involves a contest or rivalry. A computer game is carried out with the help of a computer program. This definition leaves us some leeway, since it does not implicate that the whole game takes place in the computer. For example, a game of Chess can be played on the screen or on a real-world board, regardless whether the opponent is a computer program The world of online gaming is basically all about community. Gaming has gained such popularity that it could now be considered as practically mandatory. Being great and skilled at playing these video games gives individuals several social benefits. Gaming communities have proven to be powerful, profitable, and at the same time, very fragile. Based on studies and research conducted, gaming has become one of fastest growing in the entertainment sector. It has surpassed the achievements of full-length films, revenue-wise. Gaming is truly a social activity and the mere act of playing games has been directly linked in the establishment of relationships as well as social hierarchies throughout history. Games could be engrossing for many different reasons. Online games or video games are those that could be played over some kind of computer games to those games that incorporate complex computer graphics with virtual worlds that are populated by a lot of players simultaneously. A lot of the video games today have their own associated online communities and these make online games a true social activity that goes beyond the single player games. Online gaming has really made it mark, being an innovative feature of the Internet which would surely be staying and developing in the many, many years to come. In the past, only those who were willing to spend expensive fees and put up with a hard setup process made up online gaming communities. Today, though, a lot of people are getting into, even the younger generation, which raises some negative implications as well on its effect on students. Background of the Study Development of technology brought many things that people do not have many years back. One of those things was online gaming that was provided by the internet. Online Gaming is one of the widely used leisure activities by many people. Teenagers who were playing these online games said that they were playing online games just for fun, to keep away from the heat of the sun, without knowing that there were a lot of effects of playing these games that are more than what they think. Playing online games enabled the mind of the players to be more active, especially those puzzled based-games. It helps the players to come up with decision tight situations, especially those adventure games that kept the players to be alert, active and strategic. Playing online games made the players experience different feelings because it was as if the players really are the one taking the challenges. Despite those benefits, playing online games also brought negative effects, it requires much of the playerâ €™s time, leaving school activities and homework unattended. The Internet has pervaded our society rapidly. It has been major means of communication, used for the exchange of information, for news and for shopping, and now one of the most popular online contents is the game. Online gaming was mainly concentrating on gaming over the internet, where an amount of money is bet on the prospect of a player or group of players winning. Those types of games were usually referred to by the websites as games of skill, and include chess, backgammon and solitaires. Online gaming is a technology rather than a genre, a mechanism for connecting players together rather than a particular pattern of game play. Online games are played over some form of computer network, now typically on the Internet. Some of the advantages of playing online games are, the ability to connect to multiplayer games, although single-player online games are quite common as well, and the ability to build the confidence of the individual in the game that they have used to play. Some of the disadvantages also on playing online games were; the students may be too much hooked on this game and may have insufficient time to study their lessons that their teachers taught them. In the year 2008, most high school students have played a lot of online gaming, and it is very popular. Online games were inspired by video games. The first video and computer games, such as NIMROD (1951), OXO (1952), and Space war! (1961) were for one or two players sitting at a single computer which was being used only to play the game. Later in the 1960s, computers began to support time-sharing, which allowed multiple users to share use of a computer simultaneously. Systems of computer terminals were created allowing users to operate the computer from a different room than where the computer was housed. Soon after, Modem links further expanded this range so that users did not have to be in the same building as the computer; terminals could connect to their host computers via dial-up or leased telephone lines. With the increased remote access, â€Å"host based† games were created, in which users on remote systems connected to a central computer to play single-player, and soon after, multiplayer games. Online games can give us positive effects and benefits to us students, but on the contrary we notice that the students spend more time in playing online games rather than it in such a productive way. Online gaming is an emotionally draining and time-consuming activity. To create more time for the computer, gaming addicts neglect sleep, diet, exercise, hobbies, and socializing. They let their own health go as they do not get the proper rest and nutrition they need. They may suffer a number of health problems from back strain, eye strain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and repetitive stress injury. In this study, sophomore students of College of Business in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) are the respondents. We chose them as our respondents because we see that most of them are addicted in online games. They are given an opportunity to answer and evaluate themselves whether they can handle playing online games and at the same time can do other important activities. It is for the reason that we are interested in taking a more serious look in the effects of online games particularly to the sophomore students of Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) who are the role models of freshmen students. Theoretical Framework Game theory is a study of strategic decision making. More formally, it is â€Å"the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers.† An alternative term suggested â€Å"as a more descriptive name for the discipline† is interactive decision theory. Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic and biology. The subject first addressed zero-sum games, such that one person’s gains exactly equal net losses of the other participant(s). Today, however, game theory applies to a wide range of class relations, and has developed into an umbrella term for the logical side of science, to include both human and non-humans, like computers. Classic uses include a sense of balance in numerous games, where each person has found or developed a tactic that cannot successfully better his results, given the other approach. Early discussions of examples of two-person games occurred long before the rise of modern, mathematical game theory. The first known discussion of game theory occurred in a letter written by James Waldegrave in 1713. In this letter, Waldegrave provides a minimax mixed strategy solution to a two-person version of the card game le her. James Madison made what we now recognize as a game-theoretic analysis of the ways states can be expected to behave under different systems of taxation. In his 1838 Recherches sur les principes mathà ©matiques de la thà ©orie des richesses (Researches into the Mathematical Principles of the Theory of Wealth), Antoine Augustin Cournot considered a duopoly and presents a solution that is a restricted version of the Nash equilibrium. The Danish mathematician Zeuthen proved that the mathematical model had a winning strategy by using Brouwer’s fixed point theorem. In his 1938 book Applications aux Jeux de Hasard and earlier notes, Émile Borel proved a minimax theorem for two-person zero-sum matrix games only when the pay-off matrix was symmetric. Borel conjectured that non-existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games would occur, a conjecture that was proved false. Game theory did not really exist as a unique field until John von Neumann published a paper in 1928. Von Neumann’s original proof used Brouwer’s fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of utility, which reincarnated Daniel Bernoulli’s old theory of utility (of the money) as an independent discipline. Von Neumann’s work in game theory culminated in this 1944 book. This foundational work contains the method for finding mutually consistent solutions for two-person zero-sum games. During the following time period, work on game theory was primarily focused on cooperative game theory, which analyse optimal strategies for groups of individuals, presuming that they can enforce agreements between them about proper strategies. In 1950, the first mathematical discussion of the prisoner’s dilemma appeared, and an experiment was undertaken by notable mathematicians Merrill M. Flood and Melvin Dresher, as part of the RAND corporation’s investigations into game theory. Rand pursued the studies because of possible applications to global nuclear strategy. Around this same time, John Nash developed a criterion for mutual consistency of players’ strategies, known as Nash equilibrium, applicable to a wider variety of games than the criterion proposed by von Neumann and Morgenstern. This equilibrium is sufficiently general to allow for the analysis of non-cooperative games in addition to cooperative ones. Game theory experienced a flurry of activity in the 1950s, during which time the concepts of the core, the extensive form game, fictitious play, repeated games, and the Shapley value were developed. In addition, the first applications of Game theory to philosophy and political science occurred during this time. In 1965, Reinhard Selten introduced his solution concept of sub game perfect equilibria, which further refined the Nash equilibrium. In 1967, John Harsanyi developed the concepts of complete information and Bayesian games. Nash, Selten and Harsanyi became Economics Nobel Laureates in 1994 for their contributions to economic game theory. In the 1970s, game theory was extensively applied in biology, largely as a result of the work of John Maynard Smith and his evolutionarily stable strategy. In addition, the concepts of correlated equilibrium, trembling hand perfection, and common knowledge were introduced and analysed. In 2005, game theorists Thomas Schelling and Robert Aumann followed Nash, Selten and Harsanyi as Nobel Laureates. Schelling worked on dynamic models, early examples of evolutionary game theory. Aumann contributed more to the equilibrium school, introducing an equilibrium coarsening, correlated equilibrium, and developing an extensive formal analysis of the assumption of common knowledge and of its consequences. In 2007, Leonid Hurwicz, together with Eric Maskin and Roger Myerson, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics â€Å"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory.† Myerson’s contributions include the notion of proper equilibrium, and an important graduate text: Game Theory, Analysis of Conflict (Myerson 1997). Hurwicz introduced and formalized the concept of incentive compatibility. Modern game theory began with the idea regarding the existence of mixed-strategy equilibria in two-person zero-sum games and its proof by John von Neumann. Von Neumann’s original proof used Brouwer’s fixed-point theorem on continuous mappings into compact convex sets, which became a standard method in game theory and mathematical economics. His paper was followed by his 1944 book Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour, with Oskar Morgenstern, which considered cooperative games of several players. The second edition of this book provided an axiomatic theory of expected utility, which allowed mathematical statisticians and economists to treat decision-making under uncertainty. This theory was developed extensively in the 1950s by many scholars. Game theory was later explicitly applied to biology in the 1970s, although similar developments go back at least as far as the 1930s. Game theory has been widely recognized as an important tool in many fields. Eight game-theorists have won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, and John Maynard Smith was awarded the Crafoord Prize for his application of game theory to biology. Game theory, is a branch of applied mathematics that provides tools for analysing situations in which parties, called players, make decisions that are interdependent. This interdependence causes each player to consider the other player’s possible decisions, or strategies, in formulating his own strategy. A solution to a game describes the optimal decisions of the players, who may have similar, opposed, or mixed interests, and the outcomes that may result from these decisions. Although game theory can be and has been used to analyze parlour games, its applications are much broader. In fact, game theory was originally developed by the Hungarian-born American mathematician John von Neumann (http://www.gametheorysociety.org/)